FUSE Exhibit at the Maryland Science Center

Make a star... Origin of the Universe... see FUSE... be a Spectroscopist...


Come to see the FUSE exhibit at the Maryland Science Center (downtown Baltimore). Inaugurated on April 15, 1999, it is part of the "Outer Space Place" exhibit which bring continuos updates about discoveries from space.

You will learn about FUSE as well as HST, two current space astronomy missions within NASA's "Astronomical Search for Origins" program, which contribute - with different measurements - significant pieces of the puzzle, to ultimately unlock the mystery of the Origins of the Universe.

Here is a preview of some components of the exhibit developed by the FUSE Public Outreach and Education Program in partnership with the Maryland Science Center. Look at what you can learn!

*about FUSE
*Spectroscopy: Reading the Unseen
*The Origin of the Universe: How was all the matter created?
*"Make a star Stars"







* about
FUSE

You will find a FUSE model (1/3 the real size), a description of the instrument and the mission, and a link to the FUSE Satellite Control Center. You will learn the basics of how FUSE (and any satellite) works by analogy of its main components with human body parts and functions. FUSE is a NASA project managed by a University Institute, the Center for Astrophysical Sciences at Johns Hopkins University (JHU). A "live link" to the JHU Satellite Control Center (which is in Hopkins' Homewood Campus, in Baltimore) will probably spark your curiosity for space science. You can get an idea of how astronomical observations are done using a telescope in orbit.




* Spectroscopy:
reading the unseen

FUSE will focus exclusively on the far ultraviolet range -- the realm of invisible light -- thus the challenge before the FUSE scientist and the Science Center is to make the unseen comprehensible. How can something we cannot see reveal the Universe to us? To explain this, hands-on interactive exhibitry exploring the electromagnetic spectrum and relating abstract scientific concepts to everyday experiences have been fashioned. These exhibits help visitors understand the electromagnetic spectrum (visible and invisible light), what we can learn from different parts of the spectrum about the composition of stars, galaxies, and the Universe, and what FUSE will tell us about the evolution and origin of our Universe, our planet and ourselves.

Astronomers identify the presence of elements millions of light years away by their spectra. Each element creates a unique spectrum similar to how each individual person has a unique fingerprint. Aboard FUSE, a spectrograph divides incoming light into its component wavelengths, creating a spectral portrait of the astronomical object observed. Because each element has a unique spectral "fingerprint", astronomers are able to determine the chemical composition of an object from this portrait, as well as its velocity, temperature, gravity, and other physical conditions.

The activities will allow you to understand spectroscopy, superficially read spectra, and see how spectra can tell scientists the chemical make- up, physical conditions, and speed of an object travelling across the Universe.

*You will learn that the electromagnetic spectrum (light) is composed of both visible and non-visible wavelengths, and how we experience those different types of energy everyday.
* You will gain an awareness of the technique of spectroscopy as a diagnostic tool.
*You will learn how studies at different wavelengths yield different and complementary information about astronomical objects.
*You will learn how astronomers determine the chemistry, physical conditions and motions of astronomical objects from their (visible and beyond) spectra.
*You will gain an awareness of how searching for specific chemical elements in the Universe helps astronomers understand how the Universe was formed.
*You will learn how, using spectroscopy, astronomers explore how stars are born and how they age and die.
You will gain an appreciation for the rhythm of stellar rebirth and chemical evolution of the galaxies.
*You will understand that elements and gases found on Earth are found throughout the Universe, and that spectroscopy can also help astronomers search for life on other planets.




* The Origin of the Universe:
How was all the matter created?

One of FUSE's major science goals is to shed light on the Origins of the Universe. With FUSE, astronomers are measuring the abundance of deuterium (the "heavy hydrogen") in a variety of astrophysical environments, from local gas clouds to distant clouds along the lines of sight toward quasars and active galactic nuclei, determining the extent to which stellar processing has modified the primordial abundance of deuterium, thereby providing a better understanding of the amount of deuterium produced in the Big Bang and the subsequent chemical evolution of the Universe. The primordial abundance of deuterium, a light element created only in the first few minutes after the Big Bang, is one of the three major tests to the Big Bang theory (the nucleosynthesis model: the primordial ratio of deuterium to hydrogen would be very sensitive to the density of matter just after the explosion), and yields an independent measurement of the baryonic mass of the Universe. HST is providing major progress on another parameter of the Big Bang: the rate of expansion of the Universe, while COBE provided information on the background radiation, the "crackle-hum" echo of the primordial explosion.

FUSE exhibits at the MSC tells you the up to date story about NASA's "Astronomical search for Origins", and how we are trying to better understand the origin of matter, and energy.




* "Make a star"

All the matter which exists in the universe was created in the Big Bang. Yes, but... all of it was in the form of a few light elements (hydrogen and deuterium, helium, lithium). Where did all the other chemical elements come from? The Oxygen that we breathe, the metals we make our tools from, iron that colors red spectacular rocks in Arizona and on Mars, gold, silver.... then carbon - important constituent of organic molecules - and silicon, nitrogen... uranium. They are ALL created by the nucleosynthesis processes that occur deep in the stellar interiors, those powerful nuclear furnaces fusing the light hydrogen nuclei and the subsequent products so to create such a variety of chemical species. In other words, the "stuff" we are made of, and we breathe, and we wear, and we eat... is 100% MADE IN THE STARS (except for the few "primordial" elements).

How did stars transform over billion of years part of the primordial gases into the elements so familiar to us, elements that make life possible? We wanted to help visitors understand the (indeed rather complex) stellar nucleosynthesis, and the circle of life and death of stars, in which all the familiar chemical elements are produced, by designing an easy, entertaining, hands-on activity. So come and make your own star and watch it evolve through its entire lifecycle, and learn what happens...

You can create a star by pumping solar-size "scoops" of interstellar gases, you can "turn on" your star and watch it evolve through its entire life.. and then compare the elements it produced to what you find in the chemical periodic table and - more interestingly - in life-sustaining planets. What will you find out? Here is a hint: stars of different masses have very different lifetimes, very different fates (some will end with a big supernova explosion, some will create intricately beautiful Planetary Nebulae, some will just fade silently). Most importantly, stars of different masses produce different chemical elements in various quantities. So try to make different stars and see what happens! An illuminated display will show you the chemical elements produced by your stars: can you compare them with spectroscopy of planets in the solar system including Earth?




Contact:
Dr.Luciana Bianchi
Coordinator, FUSE Public Outreach and Education Program
Email: bianchi@pha.jhu.edu

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